Ways In Which Infectious Diseases Spread When someone sneezes into their hands and immediately offers to shake our own, most of us wince at the thought of accepting. It is more than merely revolting. That is one of many ways in which infectious diseases spread. Below, we’ll examine several other ways in which germs are [...]

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Unraveling The Mysteries Of Lactose Intolerance Diarrhea, embarrassing gas, and uncomfortable bloating. These are the symptoms of lactose (or, milk sugar) intolerance. Over 50 million people in the U.S. suffer from the condition and certain ethnicities (for example, Asians and African Americans) are more susceptible to it than others. The disorder is not life-threatening, but [...]

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Exploring Your Heart’s Electrical Conduction Your heart has four chambers, four valves, two nodes, and a system of fibers known as the His-Purkinje system. The four chambers consist of two atria (upper chambers) and two ventricles (lower chambers). Your four valves consist of a tricuspid valve, pulmonary valve, mitral valve, and aortic valve. The tricuspid [...]

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Diagnosing And Treating An Atrial Septal Defect Your heart’s left and right sides are separated by an inner wall of tissue called the septum. This wall helps to prevent oxygen-poor blood on the right side from mixing with oxygen-rich blood on the left side. If the portion of the wall that separates the atria has [...]

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